Automotive wiring harnesses are integral to the functionality of a vehicle’s electrical system, forming the primary network for current transmission. Utilizing alloy conductors in low-voltage wiring harnesses significantly reduces the overall harness weight, aligning with the automotive industry's emphasis on vehicle lightweighting. Wiring harnesses currently account for approximately 5% of a vehicle's total weight, with conductors comprising 70% of that mass, highlighting the critical importance of lightweight solutions.

For signal wires in conventional vehicles, pure copper conductors with a copper content exceeding 99.9% are typically used, with standard wire sizes of 0.35mm² or 0.5mm². However, these traditional wire sizes present substantial opportunities for weight reduction. Transitioning to ultra-fine wires of 0.13mm² minimizes weight without compromising electrical performance. Nevertheless, pure copper wires at this scale exhibit diminished mechanical strength, increasing the likelihood of defects such as wire breakage during processes like terminal crimping and ultrasonic welding. To overcome these challenges, alloying with metals such as tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), or silver (Ag) enhances mechanical properties, ensuring the reliability and durability of ultra-fine conductors.